Information technology is a collective term for
the various technologies involved in processing and transmitting
information. Not only can work be done more quickly than before,
but IT has given decision-makers the opportunity to consider far
more data when making decisions. The rapid spread of computers and
information technology has generated a need for highly trained workers
to design and develop new hardware and software systems and to incorporate
new technologies.
Computer programmers write the detailed instructions (programmes)
that tell the computer what to do to perform a certain function.
Application (or Development) programmers write original programmes
which allow the computer to perform certain functions. Typical applications
for personal computers are spreadsheet, word processing, and game
programmes. Systems programmers create computer operating systems
(rather than applications). Systems programming is more technically
demanding than general programming. Programmers write programs according
to the specifications determined by systems analysts.
Systems analysts and software engineers oversee the development
process for new software and hardware. Software engineers undertake
projects that could involve designing a new application programme
or other software. Systems analysts may design either new hardware
systems or software products.
Computer engineers design, build, test, and evaluate new computer
chips, circuit boards, computer systems, and peripheral devices.
Database administrators determine ways to organize and store data
and work with database management systems software. Computer scientists
are involved in research, teaching and creation or application of
new technology. Network or computer systems administrators design,
install, and support an organization's LAN (local-area network),
WAN (wide-area network), network segment, Internet, or intranet
system.
Computer support personnel are trouble-shooters who interpret problems,
and provide technical support for hardware, software, and systems.
The skill set
Computer programmes should be able to think logically and pay close
attention to detail. They must have patience, persistence, and the
ability to work on exacting analytical work under pressure. Ingenuity,
creativity, and imagination and good team work skills are important.
Information systems managers must possess strong interpersonal,
communication, team work and leadership skills.
Software engineering requires strong problem-solving and analytical
skills. They also must be able to communicate effectively with team
members, other staff, and the customers they meet. They must be
able to concentrate and pay close attention to detail.
Systems analysts, database administrators, and computer scientists
must be able to think logically and have good communication skills.
Having to deal with a number of tasks simultaneously, they require
the ability to concentrate and pay close attention to detail. They
need to have the ability to work independently as also as part of
a team.
Network or computer systems administrators must be organised, patient,
enjoy challenges and problem solving and think logically. They must
have a good memory and strong communication skills.
Computer support personnel need strong problem-solving, analytical,
and communication skills because troubleshooting and helping others
are vital components of the job.
Training Programmes
The best foundation for a long term career in IT is a bachelor's
degree (B E/ B Tech) in computer science and engineering or information
technology or electronics engineering. Postgraduate degree in computer
applications (Master of Computer Applications) is the other option
which helps in ensuring excellent prospects in software and computer
applications.
Computer and information systems managers usually require a bachelor's
degree in a computer-related field followed by an MBA with technology
or information systems management specialisation.
For computer operators a diploma in computers or a bachelor's degree
in computer science/ computer applications would be useful. Computer
support personnel would have diploma in computer engineering or
equivalent qualification.
Education in reputed institutions of higher education coupled with
a good academic record offers the best prospects for employment.
Attaining the highest level of academic training helps in ensuring
employability. Employers, hardware and software vendors, colleges
and universities, private training institutions, or professional
computing societies offer continuing education and professional
development seminars.
Competency or quality of IT professionals is usually assessed by
employers on the basis of technical or professional certification.
Certification can be obtained voluntarily, though many vendors now
offer or even require professionals who work with their products
to be certified.
Success in IT will depend on the level of effort that is put into
one's education and training. As technological advances in the computer
field continue, employers in all areas demand a higher level of
skill and expertise.
Prominent Institutions
[Listing is indicative, not exhaustive]
Prospects
The rapid spread of computers and computer-based technologies or
information technologies over the past few decades has generated
an abundance of career paths and job opportunities for people skilled
and highly trained in this area. IT professionals find employment
in academia, research, industry, government, private and business
organizations.
As IT matures and the penetration of IT products increases in a
wide range of industry sectors, there is an increasing need for
IT workers in "technology-enabled" organizations, companies that
use or modify technologies for their specific needs. Industries
such as healthcare, insurance, banking, finance and e-commerce as
also the government will experience significant growth in the employment
of IT-trained professionals. IT professionals would increasingly
need to focus more on the applications of information technologies,
as opposed to focusing on the technology itself, and to develop
cross-disciplinary knowledge with a strong business emphasis.
IT is one of the fastest changing areas technologically. Computing
professionals' education does not stop with the college degree,
but continues with seminars, conferences, and advanced courses and
training. In computer theory and applications, new ideas are developed
every day. Success requires an ongoing commitment to learning to
maintain knowledge, skills, and career opportunities.
